Monday, 26 May 2014

How to conserve a fen!

The final field trip of the year saw the convoy of MSc students, along with the ever present Christian Dunn and NRW’s Justin Hanson and Peter Jones navigate the Cors Bodeilio lime-rich fen once more. 

Rarity and threats to Cors Bodeilio

After passing the constructed wetlands (see previous blog), the group moved along a boardwalk installed during a recent restoration project to connect the fen with Bodeilio village. Installation called for careful planning to elevate it off the ground to allow for soligenous (lateral) water movement in to the fen. Arriving at an area known as fly orchid spring, where one of best examples of rare M13 Shoenus nigricans (Black-bog rush) community in the UK is found, its rareness akin to having an Osprey land on your garden bird table!

  The small shed is a water abstraction for the farm house.

 
A permanent borehole has been placed into limestone bedrock so any development work can be monitored against baseline water levels in the future. Ponding of water on the opposite side of a boundary wall could also be stopping surface water getting into the fen.

 
 A permanent borehole or a drinking fountain for the thirsty wetland scientist?

Site assessment

After carrying out a site assessment using a rich-fen site condition recording sheet  developed by NRW peatland specialists to give a quick estimate of site quality, it emerged that not only is it important to assess vegetation condition but important “off-site” features should be noted. Changes in water quantity and quality both affect the functioning of the fen. For example, most the houses surrounding the fen are not on mains water. How much does drinking water abstraction affect water quantity? What if more or less drinking water is taken in the future?  It was assessed that vegetation had a slightly too high cover of graminoids, not enough dicots, small sedges, brown mosses. This may have been as a direct of high litter cover (80%) as there was no immediate evidence of enrichment, however the site margins had high tree cover indicating drier conditions and surrounding fields were very green in colour indicting some fertillizer use. The site had little thatch build up and a Dutch auger found peat depth was 30 cm underlain with clay and sand stratigraphy. Clay is thought to be constraining groundwater inflow at some of the drier areas of the fen which, characterised by less hydrophytic species. 


 Dutch Auger used to make cores in the soil to get a idea of the stratigraphy

Fly orchid spring is thought to be fed from and sand and gravel aquifer at a rate of 17,000 litres/day. Whilst stable groundwater temperatures of 10°C keeps the soil warm year round and winter snowfall immediately melts on landing maintaining an area of exposed vegetation on the fen for livestock access. The local council have expressed fears that the wetland water level is too high and this causes seasonal flooding of the road leading into the village, however a ditch draining the fen could not be deepened or widened for fear drying the fen too much leading to lost species of conservation interest such as back bog rush, sweet gale and small flowered rush as well as the rare dwarf stonewort, narrow –leaved marsh orchid and fly orchid. Ref: SH5e:  Thursday 7th May 2014
Weather: Dry but cloudy (90r)

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